John Clayton (1792-1890) was the town clerk of Newcastle upon Tyne, a lawyer and antiquarian. When he was four, his father bought the mansion house of Chesters which had the Roman fort of Cilurnum in its front garden. It was the start of a life-long interest. By the time John died in 1890 he owned five forts – Chesters, Carrawburgh, Housesteads, Vindolanda and Carvoran – as well as most of the Wall within this 20 mile stretch. His contribution to excavating and protecting Hadrian’s Wall has often been overlooked, but without him we could have lost much of this World Heritage Site. Frances McIntosh, Curator of Roman Collections at English Heritage, introduces the man who saved Hadrian’s Wall.
The Clayton Collection is now cared for by English Heritage and much of it can be viewed at Chesters, presided over by a large portrait of John. When visitors enter the museum they are met with row upon row of inscribed and sculpted stone. Centurial stones give the names of soldiers who built the Wall, whilst altars tell us of deities they worshipped. There are cases filled with coins, pottery and metal work which gives clues about the lives of the Romans who lived on Hadrian’s Wall. The collection contains approximately 11,000 finds along with around 12,000 coins and archival material from both Clayton’s time and later. It’s a hugely significant array and it was all discovered through Clayton’s work.
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